How Do Touchscreens Work?
The most common technology is capacitive touch, used in smartphones and tablets. Your finger (which conducts electricity) disrupts an electrostatic field on the screen surface. Sensors at the corners measure the change in capacitance to pinpoint the exact touch location. Resistive touchscreens (used in some industrial devices) work by pressing two conductive layers together.
Multi-Touch Technology
Modern devices support multi-touch, recognizing multiple simultaneous touch points. Most smartphones support 5-10 touch points. This enables gestures like pinch-to-zoom, two-finger rotation, and three-finger swipe. The touch controller processes all contact points simultaneously, reporting their positions at rates of 60-240 Hz (touch sampling rate).
Touch Event APIs
Browsers provide several APIs for touch interaction: Touch Events (touchstart, touchmove, touchend) give detailed multi-touch data including touch identifier, coordinates, and contact radius. Pointer Events provide a unified API for mice, pens, and touch. This test uses Touch Events for direct multi-touch tracking, with a mouse fallback for non-touch devices.