How Do Microphones Work?
A microphone converts sound waves (acoustic energy) into electrical signals. When you speak, vibrations travel through the air and hit a diaphragm inside the microphone. This diaphragm moves back and forth, generating an electrical current that represents the analog audio signal. In modern digital devices, this analog signal is then converted to digital data using an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC).
Types of Microphones
Condenser microphones are the most common in laptops and phones. They use a charged capacitor plate that vibrates when sound hits it, offering excellent sensitivity and clarity for voice calls. Dynamic microphones are more rugged and popular for live performances. MEMS microphones (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) are tiny silicon-based microphones found in smartphones and modern laptops.
Common Microphone Issues
The most frequent problems include: Low volume — check your system input level settings. Background noise — move to a quieter environment or use noise cancellation. Echo — use headphones to prevent speaker audio from feeding back into the mic. Not detected — check browser permissions and ensure no other app is using the microphone exclusively.
Web Audio API & getUserMedia
This test uses the Web Audio API and navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia() — standard browser APIs that request permission to access your microphone. The audio stream is processed entirely in your browser using an AnalyserNode that performs real-time frequency analysis, generating the waveform visualization and volume meter you see above. No audio data is ever sent to any server.