Gyroscope vs. Accelerometer
Your device contains two key motion sensors: The accelerometer measures linear acceleration (including gravity) along three axes — it knows which way is "down" and detects movement. The gyroscope measures angular velocity (rotation rate) — it tracks how fast and in which direction the device is rotating. Together, they provide a complete picture of device orientation and movement in 3D space.
Orientation Angles Explained
Alpha (α): 0-360° — compass direction (rotation around the Z-axis). 0° is north, 90° is east. Beta (β): -180° to 180° — front-to-back tilt (rotation around X-axis). 0° means flat, 90° means standing up. Gamma (γ): -90° to 90° — left-to-right tilt (rotation around Y-axis). These three angles fully describe the device's 3D orientation.
MEMS Sensor Technology
Modern phones use MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) sensors — microscopic mechanical structures etched onto silicon chips. A MEMS gyroscope contains tiny vibrating structures whose motion changes when the device rotates (Coriolis effect). A MEMS accelerometer uses a tiny suspended mass that shifts position when acceleration is applied. These sensors are incredibly small (1-2mm) yet remarkably precise.